ืขื•ื’ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื 60 - ื‘ืฆืง ืคืจื™ืš ืฉืงื“ื™ื,
ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ, ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื•ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื
ืคืจื•ื•ื”

ืขื•ื’ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื 60 - ื‘ืฆืง ืคืจื™ืš ืฉืงื“ื™ื, ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ, ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื•ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื•ื•ื”

ืขื•ื’ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืคืจื•ื•ื”: ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘, ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช

ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืกืคืจ: ื’ื™ืœ 12, 22, 40, 50, 60, 70 ืื• 80; ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชืืจื™ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“; ื—ื’ื™ื’ืช ื—ืชื•ื ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื–ื”ื‘; ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืกื ื™ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื• ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืชื•ืง ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื”โ€”ื–ื”ื• ืกืžืœ ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื”, ืžืกื’ืจืช ื™ืคื” ืœืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ืจืžื– ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืงืžื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืœื•. ื›ืฉื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื’ื ืœืœื ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื—ืœื‘, ื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืคืฉืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืขื, ืžืจืงื ืื• ืžืจืื”.

ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื ืฆืœื•ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืงืกื•ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ืœืœื ื—ืœื‘: ืžื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืคืจื™ืš ื•ืขื“ ืœืงืฆืคืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”, ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืจื ื’, ืžืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืขื“ ืชื™ืื•ื ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ. ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื”ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ืฉืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืœื›ืโ€”ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘, ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื˜ืขืžื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”.

ืžื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืขื•ื’ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื›ืš ืื”ื•ื‘ื”?

ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืชืืžื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืข, ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื™ื—ื“:

  • ื‘ืกื™ืก ื‘ืฆืง ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืคืจื™ืš: ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืฆืง ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืขื“ื™ืŸโ€”ืคืจื™ืš, ื–ื”ื•ื‘ ื•ื ื™ืžื•ื—. ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื.
  • ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ืžืื•ื–ืŸ ื•ืœื ื›ื‘ื“: ืงืจืžื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”/ืฉืžื ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ืช ืื• ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืคืจื•ื•ื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘โ€”ืงืœื™ืœ ืœืžืจืื”, ืืš ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื.
  • ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืขื•ื ื”: ืชื•ืชื™ื, ืคื˜ืœ, ืื•ื›ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ืงื™ื•ื•ื™, ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื”, ืงืจืžื‘ื•ืœื” ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืฆื‘ืข, ืจืขื ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
  • ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืจื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ: ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข, ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’, ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื, ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืจืง ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืื• ืขืœื™ ื–ื”ื‘โ€”ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืชื•ืง ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืคืจื™ื˜ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
  • ื”ืงื“ืฉื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช: ืฉื ื”ื—ื•ื’ื’/ืช, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ืื• ืžื™ืœืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ืงืฆืจื”โ€”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ื, ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืงืจื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืคื” ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืคืกื˜ืœ, ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืจืื” ื—ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืชืื•ืจื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.

ื˜ืขืžื™ื, ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื•ื ื”

ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ืœืœื ื—ืœื‘ ื ื‘ื ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช, ื—ืžืฆืžืฆื•ืช, ืงืจืื ืฅ' ื•ืจื›ื•ืช. ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื:

  • ืื‘ื™ื‘-ืงื™ืฅ: ืชื•ืชื™ื, ืคื˜ืœ, ืื•ื›ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ื ื™ื, ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื, ื ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืช, ืงื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื”. ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ื•ืจื•ื“-ืื“ื•ื-ื™ืจืงืจืง ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืจืื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืจืขื ืŸ.
  • ืกืชื™ื•-ื—ื•ืจืฃ: ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจืžืœื™ื, ืื’ืกื™ื, ืงืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืช, ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื. ื›ืืŸ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฆื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ืโ€”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื, ื–ื”ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—ื•ืฉืช.
  • ื˜ืจื•ืคื™-ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™: ืงืจืžื‘ื•ืœื”, ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”, ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื” ื•ืงื™ื•ื•ื™โ€”ื”ื ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ื˜ืืฅ' ืจืขื ืŸ, ืขื ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืขืงื™ืฆืช ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืื–ื ืช ืืช ื”ืงืจื.

ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืงืจืžื™ื, ื•ื ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื ื™ื— ืœืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ. ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืคืฉ ืงืจื™ืฆื” ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ:

  • ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืขื ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืงืคื”
  • ืงืจื ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ืื• ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื” ืœืจืขื ื ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืฆื”
  • ืงืจื ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืŸ ืคืจื•ื•ื” ืขื ืชื•ืกืคืช ื•ื ื™ืœ
  • ืงืจื ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœืฆื‘ืข ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ื•ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืกื˜ ื˜ืขืžื™ื
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืื ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ (ื›ืžื• ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื” ืื• ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”), ื‘ืงืฉื• ืฉื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืชื•ื ื— ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”, ืื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื ื” ื“ืงื” ื›ืžื• ืจื™ื‘ื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืœืœื ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืจื™ืš ื”ื‘ืฆืง.

ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช, ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”

ืขื•ื’ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืž-2 ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืฆืง ืขื ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืงืจื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืงืจื ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ืžืกืคืง:

  • ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”โ€”ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืชื•
  • ืžืจืงื ืžืื•ื–ืŸโ€”ืคืจื™ืš, ืจืš, ืจืขื ืŸ
  • ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ื•ื— ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”โ€”ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื โ€œื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืโ€ ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื

ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื:

  • ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื: ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื, ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ืžืจืื” ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื”ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ืžื“ืจื’ื”.
  • ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’: ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช, ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืขื ื‘ืจืง ืขื“ื™ืŸ.
  • ืคื™ืจื•ืช: ื—ื™ืชื•ื›ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื, ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืขื ืžื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ืจืง ืขื“ื™ืŸ.
  • ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“: ื“ื™ืกืงื™ื, ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื, ืขืœื™ ืงืงืื•, ืื• ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื“ืงื™ืงื•ืช.
  • ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื: ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืฉื™ืง ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขื’ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• 40, 50, 60.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ื”โ€”ืœืžืฉืœ ื•ืจื•ื“-ืื“ื•ื-ื–ื”ื‘, ืื• ื™ืจื•ืง-ืฆื”ื•ื‘-ืœื‘ืŸ. ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืขื ื›ืœื™ื, ืžืคื” ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.

ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข โ€“ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืชื™ืื•ื ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช

  • 12: ื’ื™ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื• ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื. ืžืชืื™ื ืœืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืขืœื™ื–ื™ื, ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื–ื”, ื•ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
  • 22: ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื’ืจโ€”ืคืœื˜ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ื ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื‘/ื›ืกืฃ.
  • 40/50: ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™โ€”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™, ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื, ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื˜ืืœื™ื•ืช.
  • 60/70/80: ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช, ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ื” ื•ืจื•ื’ืข ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™โ€”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืจืื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืื™ืฉื™ ืžืจื’ืฉ.

ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“, ืื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœืฆื“ ื–ื”. ื›ืฉืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืฉืชื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื— ืœืฆืœื—ืช ื”ื’ืฉื”.

ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืขื•ื’ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืคืจื•ื•ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข

ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฆื™ืจื™ื: ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ื’ื’, ืžื” ื”ืื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื.

ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืœ ื•ืื•ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ื’ื’/ืช

  • ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื: ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืฉืงืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ืชื™ื ื•ืื•ื›ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื/ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืช.
  • ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื (12โ€“16): ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื™ืโ€”ืกื’ื•ืœ, ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื–, ื•ืจื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™. ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืงืœื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื•ื ื™ืœ ืื• ืชื•ืช. ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืงืฆืจ ื•ืฉื™ืงื™.
  • ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื (18โ€“25): ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืขื˜ ื ื•ืขื–ื™ืโ€”ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”, ืงืคื” ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืŸ ืคืจื•ื•ื”. ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื.
  • ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื (30โ€“60): ืคืœื˜ื•ืช ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘/ื›ืกืฃ, ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ืง-ื—ืžืฆืžืฅ.
  • ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื (70โ€“80 ื•ืžืขืœื”): ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ืขื ืงืจื™ืฆื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืชโ€”ื•ื ื™ืœ ืขืฉื™ืจ, ืชืคื•ื—/ืื’ืก, ืฉื–ื™ืคื™ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืจ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืจื’ืฉืช.

ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข

  • ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ื™ืชื™: ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืชโ€”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื, ืงืจื ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื‘ื™.
  • ืื™ืจื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”: ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื ืงื™ ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ืชื’, ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ื™ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’, ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืœื›ืœื•ืš ื‘ื”ื’ืฉื”.
  • ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื’ืŸ/ื›ื™ืชื”: ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืงืœ ืœื—ืœืง, ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื (ืœืœื ืงื™ืกืžื™ื ื—ื“ื™ื), ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื”.
  • ืขืจื‘ ื—ื’ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™: ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื ื”, ืคืœื˜ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืชืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื‘ืงืฉื• ืœืฆืžืฆื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื–ื•ื– ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื ืกื™ืขื” ืืจื•ื›ื”. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข.

ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช: ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืžืกืคืจื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ

ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืชืืžื”:

  • ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืื™ืฉื™: ืฉื/ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืžื™ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืขื“ 12โ€“16 ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
  • ืคืœื˜ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื: ื‘ื—ืจื• 2โ€“3 ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืš ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื ืจืื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช.
  • ืืœืžื ื˜ ื—ื•ื–ืจ: ืœืžืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื”ื” ืœืžืคื™ื•ืช/ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ื.
  • ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื: ืกื’ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ, ื•ืจื•ื“ ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืื• ืคืจื™ื—ื” ืขื•ื ืชื™ืชโ€”ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช.
  • ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื˜ืืœื™ื•ืช: ื–ื”ื‘/ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืชื—ื›ื•ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขื’ื•ืœื™ื.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืฉืจืื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ืืš ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช. ื›ืš ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ืช ื•ืœื ื”ืขืชืง ื”ื“ื‘ืง.

ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ืžื ื•ืช โ€“ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื‘ื™ืขื”?

ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื›ืœืœ ืืฆื‘ืข:

  • ืกืคืจื” ืื—ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”: ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื›-12โ€“18 ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืชื•ืš.
  • ืฉืชื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช: ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœ-25โ€“40 ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื, ืฉื•ื‘โ€”ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ืกื” ื•ื‘ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืš.
  • ืื™ืจื•ืข ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื: ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืกืคื™ืงื•, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื โ€œืžืกืคื™ืงื™ืโ€ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื.
  • ืื™ืจื•ืข ืขื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“: ืชื›ื ื ื• ืคืจื•ืกื” ืžืขื˜ ื ื“ื™ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืื™ืš ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื? ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืกืจืช ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืื– ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืกืคืจ. ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื ืช ืืจื•ื›ื”, ื•ืœื ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืชื•ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ืžืจืื” ื ืงื™.

ืฉืžื™ืจื”, ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉื” โ€“ ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืžืจืื” ืžื•ืฉืœื

  • ืงื™ืจื•ืจ: ืฉืžืจื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ืจ 4โ€“6ยฐC ืขื“ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข. ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื›-20โ€“30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื” ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื’ืฉื” ื ืขื™ืžื”.
  • ื”ื•ื‘ืœื”: ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื” ืงืฉื™ื—ื” ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื— ื™ืฉืจ. ืžื–ื’ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื.
  • ื–ืžืŸ ืขืžื™ื“ื”: ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžืชื•ืŸโ€”ื›ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงืจืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ืงื™ืฅโ€”ืงืฆืจื• ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ืฉืงืœื• ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื”ื’ืฉื”.
  • ื›ืœื™ ื”ื’ืฉื”: ืฆืœื—ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื–ืงื” ืื• ืงืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื” ืขื ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืขืžื™ื“ ืœืœื—ื•ืช, ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื ืช, ืžืจื™ืช ืจื—ื‘ื”.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื? ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ืžื”ืžืงืจืจ 30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื. ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืจืงื ื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.

ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื—ื›ื: ืžืžื” ืžื•ืฉืคืข ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ?

ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืžื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื:

  • ื’ื•ื“ืœ: ืกืคืจื” ืื—ืช ืžื•ืœ ืฉืชื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช; ืขื•ื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช; ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงืจื ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช.
  • ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘: ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘, ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื, ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘/ื›ืกืฃ, ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžืคื•ืกืœื™ื.
  • ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช: ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื, ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’, ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื“, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื.
  • ืขื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช: ื›ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื ืชืโ€”ื”ื ื™ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืฉืชืœืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  • ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจืื”: ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืžืจืืฉ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ.
  • ืืจื™ื–ื” ื•ืžืฉืœื•ื—: ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืงืฉื• ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืคื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜: ืžืกืคืจ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ. ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืกื›ืช ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช.

ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจื™ื: 12, 22, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80

  • 12: ืœื‘ืŸ-ื•ืจื•ื“ ืขื ืชื•ืชื™ื, ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ืคืชื™ืชื™ ื‘ืจืง ืขื“ื™ืŸ; ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ ืขื“ื™ืŸ.
  • 22: ื’ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื˜ืœ ื•ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ืชื•ืืžื™ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืจ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื—ืžืฆืžืฆื•ืช; ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™.
  • 40: ืคืœื˜ืช ืฉืžื ืช-ื–ื”ื‘ ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื; ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืขื ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช.
  • 50: ื“ื•-ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ ืขืฉื™ืจ, ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘โ€”ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš.
  • 60: ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื™ืจื•ืง-ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืขื ืงื™ื•ื•ื™, ืงืจืžื‘ื•ืœื” ื•ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื”; ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืกื˜ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ ืžืกืงืจืŸ.
  • 70: ื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืกืชื™ื•โ€”ืื’ืกื™ื, ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจืžืœื™ื, ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช; ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.
  • 80: ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื’ืขโ€”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืจ, ืžืจื ื’ ืœื‘ืŸ, ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื“ืฉื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช.

ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

  • ืœืœื ื—ืœื‘: ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืงืจื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฆืžื—ื™ ืื• ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžืจืงื ืขืฉื™ืจ.
  • ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืœืงื˜ื•ื–: ื’ืจืกื” ืœืœื ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื—ืœื‘ ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื˜ืขื.
  • ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ: ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืชืื•ื ืžืจืืฉ; ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื”.
  • ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืœืื’ื•ื–ื™ื: ืื ื™ืฉ ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืฉืงื“ื™ื, ื‘ืงืฉื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœื‘ืกื™ืก ืื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืขื“ื›ื ื• ืžืจืืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช. ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื”ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื•ืœืœื ืคืฉืจื•ืช.

ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื, ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’ ื•ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื โ€“ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืžืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”

ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืžื™ืžื“ ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื•ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ:

  • ืฆื‘ืขื™ื: ืชื™ืื•ื ืœื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ื.
  • ื˜ืขืžื™ื: ื•ื ื™ืœ, ืคื˜ืœ, ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”โ€”ืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืฆื“ ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ.
  • ืžืจืงื: ืงืจื™ืกืคื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ืคื ื™ืโ€”ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืง ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ืคื™.

ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’ ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืคื” ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื.

ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืืœ ืชื’ื–ื™ืžื• ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ 2โ€“3 ืกื•ื’ื™ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืžืืฉืจ โ€œืœื”ืขืžื™ืกโ€. ื›ืš ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืจืื” ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™.

ืคื™ืจื•ืช: ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืฆื‘ืข

  • ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”: ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืœื™ื, ืืš ืœื ืจื›ื™ื ืžื“ื™. ืฆื‘ืข ืื—ื™ื“ ืœืœื ื›ืชืžื™ื.
  • ื—ื™ืชื•ืš: ืื—ื™ื“ ื•ื“ืง ืœืžืจืื” ื ืงื™. ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื•ื™/ืชื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืžืขื ื™ืงื•ืช ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช.
  • ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ: ื˜ื™ืคืช ืžื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ืจืง ืื• ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืœื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจืง ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื” ืื• ืงืจืžื‘ื•ืœื”, ื–ื”ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื˜ืœืžื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจ ื•โ€ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ืโ€ ืžื™ื“ ืœืžืจืื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช. ืฉืžืจื• 2โ€“3 ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื”ื‘ืชื: ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘.

ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ โ€“ ืžืชื™ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืš ืœืชืื ืคืจื˜ื™ื?

  • ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจืื”: ืžื•ืžืœืฅ 5โ€“7 ื™ืžื™ื ืžืจืืฉ, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื ืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืกื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  • ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื”: ืชืืจื™ืš, ืฉืขื”, ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช/ืื™ืกื•ืฃ, ืžืกืคืจ ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืคืœื˜ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช, ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘.
  • ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื: ืื ื ื•ืกืคื• ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸโ€”ืขื“ื›ื ื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ืชืืžื•ืช.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืื ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืื• ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ืชืืžื• ืืช ืฉืขืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืฃ/ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจืขื ื ื•ืช ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช.

ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืŸ

  • ืคืœื˜ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืขืžื•ืกื” ืžื“ื™: 2โ€“3 ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืขืœ ืงืฉืช ืฉืœืžื”.
  • ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืขื•ื ืชื™ื™ื: ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื”ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืจืื”.
  • ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืœื ืชื•ืื ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื: ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ืžืจืืฉ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช.
  • ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืœืœื ืงื™ืจื•ืจ: ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงื™ืฅโ€”ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช.
  • ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืจื•ืคืคื™ื: ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื–ื•ื– ื‘ื“ืจืš. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข.

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืงืฆืจ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”

  1. ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื.
  2. ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืกืคืจื” ืื—ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื.
  3. ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืคืœื˜ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื.
  4. ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืกืคืช ืื—ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช (ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืžืจื ื’) ื•ืขื•ื“ ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื”.
  5. ืžื ืกื—ื™ื ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืงืฆืจ.
  6. ืžืชืืžื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืฃ/ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ืขื“ ืœื”ื’ืฉื”.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืฆืœืžื• ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื โ€œื ื•ื’ืกื™ืโ€. ื–ื• ืžื–ื›ืจืช ืฉืœื ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ 5โ€“7 ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื, ืืš ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

  • ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ?

ืกืคืจื” ืื—ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”: 12โ€“18 ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื; ืฉืชื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช: 25โ€“40, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืชื•ืš.

  • ืœื›ืžื” ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ื?

ื›ืŸโ€”ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืชืื ืžืจืืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืคืœื˜ื”.

  • ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื/ื”ืžืจื ื’?

ื›ืŸโ€”ื•ื ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืงืœืืกื™, ืืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”, ืงืคื” ืื• ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืคืจื•ื•ื”.

  • ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืงืจื ื‘ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ?

ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ืจ 4โ€“6ยฐC, ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื 20โ€“30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”.

  • ืื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข?

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจืืฉโ€”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืœืœื ื—ืœื‘, ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ื•ืœืœื ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ.

  • ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช?

ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœืคื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื

  • ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ื–ื ื ืงื™: ืจืง ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืขื“ื™ืŸโ€”ืžืจืื” ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™.
  • ื‘ื•ื”ื• ื˜ื‘ืขื™: ืขืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืจ, ืžืจื ื’ ืœื‘ืŸโ€”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื›ืคืจื™.
  • ื’ืœืžื•ืจ ืžื˜ืืœื™: ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘/ื›ืกืฃ, ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ืโ€”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื’ื™ืœ 40/50.
  • ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™: ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื”, ืงื™ื•ื•ื™, ืงืจืžื‘ื•ืœื”โ€”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื.
  • ื•ืจื•ื“-ื—ืœื‘ื™ ืืฆื™ืœื™: ืžืชืื™ื ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืœืื™ 12/22โ€”ืจืš ื•ืžืฆื•ืœื ื ืคืœื.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืชืื•ืจื”โ€”ืื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘, ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืžื˜ืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื”ื™ื ื™ื™ืจืื• ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ; ื‘ื™ื•ืโ€”ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื˜ืœ ื–ื•ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.

ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืฆื‘ืข

  • ื•ื ื™ืœ + ืชื•ืช/ืคื˜ืœ + ื–ื”ื‘ ืขื“ื™ืŸ: ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™.
  • ื•ื ื™ืœ + ืงื™ื•ื•ื™/ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื” + ืœื‘ืŸ-ื™ืจื•ืง: ืžืจืขื ืŸ ื•ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.
  • ื•ื ื™ืœ + ืื•ื›ืžื ื™ื•ืช/ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืŸ + ื›ืกืฃ: ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืกื˜ ืžืจืฉื™ื.
  • ื•ื ื™ืœ + ืชืคื•ื— ืžืงื•ืจืžืœ/ืื’ืก + ื ื—ื•ืฉืช: ื—ื•ืจืคื™ ื•ื—ื.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื‘ื—ืจื• ืคืจื™ ืื—ื“ โ€œื›ื•ื›ื‘โ€ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคื•ืงื•ืก.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข

  • ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื”ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ: 20โ€“30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื.
  • ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืขืžื“ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืš: ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื ืช, ืžืจื™ืช, ืžืคื™ื•ืช, ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
  • ืกื“ืจ ื—ื™ืชื•ืš: ื”ืกื™ืจื• ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื, ื—ืชื›ื• ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช, ื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ืžื’ืฉ.
  • ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื: ืฆืœืžื• ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืžืขื˜ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืขื ืชืื•ืจื” ืจื›ื”. ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืคื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื: ื›ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ื’ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืคืจื•ื•ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ืช

ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืงื™ื ื•ื— ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืื™ืฉื™: ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื, ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืื—ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช (ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืžืจื ื’) ื•ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืงืฆืจ ืžื”ืœื‘. ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืงืจื ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ื‘ืกื™ืก ืคืจื™ืš ื•ืชื™ืื•ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื”โ€”ื›ื–ื• ืฉื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื™ืฆืœืžื• ืžื›ืœ ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื•ื™ื–ื›ืจื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืจื•ืกื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื ืขืœืžื”.

ื”ืžืชื•ืง ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืขื•ื’ื”โ€”ื–ื” ืจื’ืข ืขืœ ืžื’ืฉ, ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื ืืคื” ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”, ื•ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื”. ื›ืฉืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœืžื”: ื˜ืขื, ื ืจืื•ืช, ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื”โ€”ืงื˜ื ื” ืื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื”โ€”ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.