ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช: ืขื•ื’ืช ื•ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืœื’ื™ ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื–ื•ื›ืจ

ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืœืจื’ืขื™ื ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืโ€”ื›ืืœื• ืฉืžืžื™ืกื™ื ืœื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืœ, ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉืง ืœืฆืœื, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ โ€œื•ื•ืื•โ€. ื›ืฉื”ืคืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืขื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืคืœ ื˜ืจื™ ืคื•ื’ืฉืช ืงืจื ืจืš ื•ืžืœื˜ืฃ, ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืงืจืžืœ, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืื• ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืชโ€”ื ื•ืฆืจ ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืฉืœื. ื”ืžืชื•ืง ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช, ื™ืžื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื, ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ืŸ, ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ. ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืงื™ื ื•ื— ืฉืžื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™, ืื‘ืœ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช, ื—ื ื•ืžื ื—ื.

ืžื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืคืœ ืœืงื ื‘ืก ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืื™ื“ืืœื™? ื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจืงื ืœื˜ืขื: ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืื• ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจืžื™ื ื•ื”ืจื˜ื‘ื™ื, ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื˜ืœื” ืื• ื‘ืงืจืžืœ, ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื” ื•ื ื™ืœ ืื• ืžื•ืก ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืŸ, ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืก ืžืื•ื–ืŸโ€”ืœื ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื“ื™, ืœื ืžืชื•ืง ืžื“ื™, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ื›ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื™ืฉื™โ€”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ืžื’ื“ืœ ืžืจืฉื™ื, ืื• ืžืืจื–ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืโ€”ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื”ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœืžื”.

ืœืžื™ ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ื ื•ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืชืžื™ื“

ื•ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืœื’ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชืขื ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจื™. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ื”ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืจืงื ื”ืงืจื™ืกืคื™; ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื”โ€ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจืžื™ื™ืโ€ ื›ืžื• ืžื–ืจืง ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ื–ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืงืจื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™; ื•ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸโ€”ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ืขืฉื™ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™.

  • ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื—ื›ื ืœืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ื‘ื’ืŸ.
  • ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืขื’ื•ืœ ืื• ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื.
  • ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืงื™ื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืขื ืงืคื”.
  • ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื โ€œื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงโ€ ืฉืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœื ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืฆืœื.
  • ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉืโ€”ื™ืขืจ ืคื™ื•ืช, ืกืคืืจื™, ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ืช ืื• ื–ื”ื‘-ืœื‘ืŸโ€”ืงืœ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘. ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€”ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื. ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืขืจื‘ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™โ€”ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื–ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื ืงื™, ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™, ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.

ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘: ื”ืงืจืžื™ื, ื”ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืฉืจืื•ืช

ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช. ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืกื™ืก ืคืจื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืžืื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื—, ืขื•ื ื”, ืงื”ืœ ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.

ืงืจืžื™ื ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื ืฉืžื—ืžื™ืื™ื ืœื•ื•ืคืœ

  • ืงืจื ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื” ื•ื ื™ืœ: ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™, ืงืœื™ืœ ื•ื ื™ืžื•ื—. ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืžืงื•ื ืœื˜ืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื–ืจื•ื—.
  • ืžื•ืก ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืŸ: ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ืจื›ื”, ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืœืงืจืžืœ ืื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช.
  • ืงืจื ื ื•ื˜ืœื”: ืฉื™ื ื”ืคื™ื ื•ืง, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ืคื™ ื”ื•ื•ืคืœ.
  • ืงืจืžืœ ืžืœื•ื—: ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ืœื™ื˜ื” ืคืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“.
  • ืžื•ืก ืงื™ื ื“ืจ: ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืขื ืื”ื‘ืช ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ื”.

ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื’ืก ื•ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืืคืงื˜

  • ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืงืœื™ื•ืช ืงืงืื•: ืงืจืื ืฅโ€™ ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืจื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจื™ืจ-ืžืชื•ืง.
  • ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืคื ื™ื ื™ื ืžื˜ืืœื™ื•ืช: ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืื• ื‘ืจ/ื‘ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
  • ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื: ืงื™ื•ื•ื™, ืขื ื‘ื™ื, ืื ื ืก ื•ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ (ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื”) ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืฆื‘ืข ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืจืขื ื ื•ืช.
  • ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช: ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“-ืฆโ€™ื™ืคืก, ืืœืคื—ื•ืจืก ืžืคื•ืจืง ืื• ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ืžืื” ื“ืงื™ืงื•ืช.
  • ืžื–ืจืง ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“: ื’ื™ืžื™ืง ื˜ืขื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžืื™ืจ ื›ืœ ืฆื™ืœื•ื.
  • ืจื˜ื‘ื™ื: ืžื™ื™ืคืœ, ื’ื ืืฉ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืคื˜ืœ ืื• ืชื•ืชโ€”ืœืžืจืื” โ€œื ื—ืœื™ืโ€ ืžื’ืจื”.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ? ืฉืœื‘ื• ืžืจืงืžื™ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™ + ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžืจื™ืจ + ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืงืจืžืœ ืžืœื•ื— + ืคืจื™ ื˜ืจื™. ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืžืจืงืžื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ.

ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื: ืžืืจื–ื™ื, ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื, ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืกืคืจื™ื

ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช โ€œืขื•ื“ ืคืจื•ืกื”โ€. ืงืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืคืœ ืœืžื•ืคืข.

ืžื’ื“ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช

ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” โ€œืงื•ืžื•ืชโ€ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืคืœ, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”, ืžืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ืœื” ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ืจืกืก ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืงืฆื•ืฅ. ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื–ืจ ืžืชื•ืง: ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื, ืžื“ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืคื™ ืงืจืžืœ. ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ื“ืจืžื”โ€”ืžื–ืจืง ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ืœื™ื“ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื”.

  • ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ โ€œื•ื•ืื•โ€.
  • ืคืจืงื˜ื™ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืชโ€”ืงืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืงื•ืžื”.
  • ื™ืคื” ื’ื ื›ืžืจื›ื– ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.

ืžืืจื–ื™ ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื

ื›ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืžืืจื–ื™ื ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื•ืคืœ ืœืฆื“ ื‘ืจืื•ื ื™ื–, ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืžื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื’ื™ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืื•ืจื— ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื•. ืืคืฉืจ โ€œืœืฆื‘ื•ืขโ€ ืืช ื”ืžืืจื– ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขโ€”ืฉื—ื•ืจ-ื–ื”ื‘, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืงืฉืช, ืื• ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื‘ืข.

  • ืžืชืื™ื ืœื’ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ืชื•ืช, ืžืคื’ืฉ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืื• ืคื™ื ื•ืง ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืœืกื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
  • ืžืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘: ื’ื•ื“ืœ, ืžืกืคืจ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฆื•ืจืš.

ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ืžืกืคืจื™ื

ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ 50 ืœืžืฉืœ, ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืคืจื™ืš, ืขื ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ืโ€”ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืกืžืจ ื”ืขืจื‘. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืขืœื™ื• ื’ื ื—ืœืงื™ ื•ื•ืคืœ ืคืจื™ืš, ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืคื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ื”ืงื“ืฉื” ืขื“ื™ื ื”. ืœืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€”ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืžืขื˜ ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจืžืœ. ื–ื” ืื™ืฉื™, ืžืฆื˜ืœื ื ื”ื“ืจ ื•ืžืจื’ืฉ.

ื’ืจืกื” โ€œืงื˜ื ื” ืืš ืžืจืฉื™ืžื”โ€

ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืื• โ€œืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืคืชืขื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“โ€, ืขื•ื’ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื–ืขื™ืจื” ืขื˜ื•ืคื” ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช, ืœืฆื“ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื•ื•ืคืœ ืคืจื™ืš ื•ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ืจืื•ื ื™ื–โ€”ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžื’ืฉ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื–ื•ื’-ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื. ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื ื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœืคื™ ืงื”ืœ ื•ืื™ืจื•ืข

ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื.

  • ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 4โ€“8: ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ, ื ื•ื˜ืœื”, ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื–ืจืง ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“โ€”ื‘ื™ื ื’ื•. ื”ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืขื•ื“ืฃ ืžืจื™ืจื•ืช.
  • ืœื’ื™ืœืื™ 9โ€“12: ืžื•ืกื™ื โ€œืžื•ืชื’ื™ื™ืโ€ ื›ืžื• ืงื™ื ื“ืจ, ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืื—ื™ื“, ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื—ืœื‘.
  • ืœื ื•ืขืจ: ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื โ€œืื“ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืโ€โ€”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžืจื™ืจ ืขื ืงืจืžืœ ืžืœื•ื—, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื™ืคื”.
  • ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘: ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื” ื•ื ื™ืœ, ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื, ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื”.
  • ืœื‘ืงืจื™ื: ื•ื•ืคืœ ื—ืžื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื™ืคืœ, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืจ, ืงืจื ืงืœื™ืœโ€”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœืฆื“ ืงืคื”.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื—ืโ€”ืชื ื• ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืงืจืžื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืฆื™ืคื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืžืกื™ื ืžื”ืจ. ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงืจโ€”ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืžืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื™ืคื”.

ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื, ื”ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘: ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกื“ืจ

ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช ื—ื•ืกื›ืช ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช. ื”ื ื” ืื™ืš ืœืชื›ื ืŸ.

ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช

  • ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœึพ8โ€“12 ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช.
  • ืžื’ืฉ ื•ื•ืคืœ ืขื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืžืชืงื™ื ืฆื“ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœึพ6โ€“8 ืื ืฉื™ื.
  • ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช/ืžืกืคืจื™ื: ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืช/ืกืคืจื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ึพ6โ€“10 ืžื ื•ืช.
  • ื›ื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืก ืœืฆื“ ื”ื•ื•ืคืœ: ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ื‘ึพ20โ€“30% ืืช ืกืš ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”โ€”ืžืฉื‘ื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืžื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ

  • ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘: ื–ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ืคืจื—ื™ื, ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
  • ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื: ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื” ืžืขืœื™ื ืขืœื•ืช, ืืš ื’ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”.
  • ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื’ื™ืžื™ืง: ืžื–ืจืงื™ื, ื“ืงื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช, ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ื–ื”ื‘โ€”ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ืฆืขื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
  • ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช: ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช = ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ: ื‘ื—ืจื• ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืขื ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืชื•ืกืคืช ืื—ืช โ€œื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืชโ€. ืœืžืฉืœ: ื•ื ื™ืœ+ื ื•ื˜ืœื” ืขื ื ื’ื™ืขืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื. ื›ื›ื” ื ืฉืžืจ ื•ื•ืื•, ื•ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื ืฉืœื˜.

ืื—ืกื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉื”: ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืจืื”

ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืจื™ื›ื•ืช. ื›ืš ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”.

  1. ื”ื›ื ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช: ืื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืคืœ ื˜ืจื™, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืจืžื™ื ื•ื”ืจื˜ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืขื“ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”, ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืžื•ืจ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข.
  2. ืงื™ืจื•ืจ: ืงืจืžื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืงื™ืจื•ืจ. ืฉืžืจื• ื‘ืžืงืจืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืกื’ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
  3. ื—ื™ืžื•ื ืขื“ื™ืŸ: ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื—ื•ื ืงืœ? ื—ืžืžื• ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืคืœ ืœึพ2โ€“3 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืžื ืžืจืืฉ ืœึพ160โ€“170ยฐC ืื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจ ืื•ื‘ืŸ. ืœื ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืœโ€”ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ืš ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ืกืคื™ื•ืช.
  4. ื”ื•ื‘ืœื”: ืœืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ื“ืื’ื• ืœืงื•ืคืกื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชืช ืชื–ื•ื–ื”. ืืœ ืชื ื™ื—ื• ื‘ืฉืžืฉ.
  5. ื”ื’ืฉื”: ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขื ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื ืช ืืจื•ื›ื”, ืžืจื™ืช ืœื”ื’ืฉื” ื•ืจื˜ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงื ืงื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื“ื.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืื ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืจื‘-ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™, ื”ื›ื™ื ื• โ€œืชื•ืกืคืช ืจื•ื˜ื‘โ€ ื‘ืฆื“โ€”ืžื™ื™ืคืœ/ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“/ืงืจืžืœ. ื–ื” ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ืจืื•ืช ื”ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจื— ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื›ืžื” ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ.

ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื”

ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ื”ืขื“ืคื” ืื—ืจืช, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฆืขื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื”.

  • ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ: ื™ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ืงืžื—ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื. ื‘ื“ืงื• ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื•ื“ืื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
  • ืœืœื ื—ืœื‘: ืงืจืžื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฆืžื—ื™, ื’ื ืืฉ ืžืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžืจื™ืจ ื•ืงื•ืงื•ืก, ืจื˜ื‘ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืชโ€”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘.
  • ืžื•ืคื—ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ: ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืงืจืžื™ื, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืขื ืื—ื•ื– ืงืงืื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช.
  • ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™: ืงืจืžื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงืฉื™ื•/ืงื•ืงื•ืก, ื’โ€™ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืคืจื™ ื˜ืจื™ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžืจื™ืจโ€”ืžืจืฉื™ื ื•ืžืจืฉื™ื.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื”ืžืฉื—ืง. ื‘ืžืงื•ื โ€œืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืโ€ ื˜ืขื, ื ืกื• โ€œืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃโ€ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื˜ืขื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืชื•ืžืšโ€”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ืงืœื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ื ื™ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™.

ืจื’ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืžื—ื”: ื”ืฉืจืื•ืช ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœืคื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื”

ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ื’ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”

  • ืžืืจื–ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื: ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ ื•ื•ืคืœ, ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ืจืื•ื ื™ื–, ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืขื•ื’ื™ื™ื” ืขื ืฉื•ืงื•ืฆโ€™ื™ืคืก.
  • ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื”, ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืฉื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื•ืžื–ืจืงื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื”ืคืชืขื”.
  • ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘: โ€œืžื ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€ ื‘ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช.

ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช 50/40/30

  • ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืžืจืฉื™ื ืขื ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ื•ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื.
  • ื—ืœืงื™ ื•ื•ืคืœ ืคืจื™ืš ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื•ื”ืงื“ืฉื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
  • ืคืœื˜ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืงืœืืกื™ืช: ืœื‘ืŸ-ื–ื”ื‘-ื—ื•ื, ืื• ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื™ืจื•ืง.

ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื ื•ืฉื โ€œืกืคืืจื™โ€ ืื• โ€œืžืœืš ื”ื—ื™ื•ืชโ€

  • ืขื•ื’ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืขื ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื•ื•ืคืœ ืคืจื™ืš ื•ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“.
  • ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื—ืžื™ื: ื—ื•ื, ื›ืชื•ื, ื–ื”ื‘; ืชื•ืกืคืช ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืชื•ืืžื™-ื ื•ืฉื.

ื‘ืจืื ืฅโ€™ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช

  • ื•ื•ืคืœ ื—ืžื™ื, ืžื™ื™ืคืœ ืืžื™ืชื™, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืจ ื•ืงืจื ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื” ืขื“ื™ืŸ.
  • ืงื ืงื ื™ ืจื˜ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ืงืคื” ื˜ืจื™ ื•ืžืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“โ€”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.

ื”ื˜ืจื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช: ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืก ืžื•ืฉืœื

ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืืžื ื•ืช.

  1. ื‘ืกื™ืก ืคืจื™ืš: ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื•ื•ืคืœ ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื— ื™ืฆื™ื‘.
  2. ืžืจื™ื—ื” ื“ืงื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื ื—ื–ืง: ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื ื•ื˜ืœื” ืื• ืงืจืžืœโ€”ืจืง โ€œื ืฉื™ืงื”โ€, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“.
  3. ืงืจื ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™: ื–ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ/ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”/ืžื•ืก ืœื‘ืŸ.
  4. ืงืจืื ืฅโ€™: ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืœื•ื– ืงืœื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ืคืจื•ืคื™ื˜ืจื•ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™.
  5. ืกื’ื™ืจื” ืจื›ื”: ืื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื’ื“ืœโ€”ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื•ื•ืคืœ ื•ืžืขื˜ ืงืจื ืžืขืœ ืœื–ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜.
  6. ื˜ืืฅโ€™ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ: ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื/ืคื™ืจื•ืช/ืžื–ืจืง ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืœืคื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” โ€œืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจโ€โ€”ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช, ืจืขื ื ื•ืช, ืงืจืื ืฅโ€™, ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœ. ืืœ ืชืขืžื™ืกื• ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืื—ืช.

ืฆืคื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื: ืžื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืœืฆืœื—ืช

ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•โ€”ื”ืžืจืงื ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื™ืœื•ืฃ, ืื™ืš ื”ืงืจืžืœ ื ื•ื–ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืงืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื•ืคืœ ื ืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืจืื ืฅโ€™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื”, ื”ื ื” ืฉื ื™ ืงืœื™ืคื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื“ืจื’ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”:

ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”, ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืœืžื ื˜ โ€œืžื ืฆื ืฅโ€ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.

ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืŸ

  • ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืœ: ืžืจื›ืš ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืคืœ. ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ืชื ื•ืจ/ื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจ ืื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
  • ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืจื•ื˜ื‘: ื™ืคื” ืœืฆื™ืœื•ื, ืืš ืขืœื•ืœ โ€œืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืขโ€ ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื›ื•ืช. ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืฆื“.
  • ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื™ืชืจ: ื•ื•ืคืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื™ืš, ืœื ืœื—. ืฉืžืจื• ืืจื™ื–ืช ืงืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื•ืจืจืช ื•ืœื ืฉืงื™ืช ืื˜ื•ืžื”.
  • ืขื•ืžืก ื˜ืขืžื™ื: ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื. ื”ืฉืืจื• ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื.
  • ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ืžื“ื™: ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื–ืžืŸ. ืชื›ื ื ื• ืžืจืืฉ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื—ื’ื™ื ื•ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข.

ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื™ื“ื‘ืจ โ€œืืชืโ€? ื”ื ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช:

  • ื”ืงื“ืฉื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืชื’ ืื›ื™ืœ/ืฉืœื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ.
  • ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืงืจืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื.
  • ืžืกืคืจื™ื/ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
  • ืืœืžื ื˜ ื–ื›ื™ืจ: ืžื–ืจืง ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ื“ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื”, ืื• ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืชื•ืื ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘โ€ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœโ€โ€”ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” โ€œื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™โ€โ€”ื•ื‘ื ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•. ื‘ื—ืจื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืคืจื™ื˜-ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืื—ื“.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช

  • ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ? ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ืโ€”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœ 3โ€“5 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช. ืžืืจื–ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ืโ€”ื’ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง, ืœืคื™ ืขื•ืžืก ืขื•ื ืชื™.
  • ืื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขื“ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”? ืงืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจืจ, ื•ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื™ื‘ืฉ ื•ืžืื•ื•ืจืจ. ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืกื•ืคื™ืชโ€”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”.
  • ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื? ื›ืŸ, ื•ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืจืขื ื ื•ืช.
  • ืžื” ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื? ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ/ืœืœื ื—ืœื‘ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื. ื‘ืงืฉื• ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ.
  • ื›ืžื” ืžื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช? ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช. ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœึพ8โ€“12 ืžื ื•ืช, ืื•ืช/ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืœึพ6โ€“10.

ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืœืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื›ื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืขื ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื

  • ืื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™: ืฆืœืžื• ืœื™ื“ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจ ืจืš, ื‘ืœื™ ืคืœืืฉ.
  • ืจืงืข ื ืงื™: ืœื•ื— ืขืฅ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ, ืžืคื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืื• ืžืฉื˜ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
  • ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช 45ยฐ: ืžื—ืžื™ืื” ืœืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื–ื™ืœื•ืคื™ื.
  • ืชื ื•ืขื”: ืžื–ื’ื• ืžื™ื™ืคืœ/ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ืโ€”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืžืง.
  • ืคืจื•ืคืก ืงื˜ื ื™ื: ืžื–ืœื’ื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ, ืžืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“, ืคืจื—ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืชื•ืืžื™ื.

ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื

  • ื•ื ื™ืœ ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื” + ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžืจื™ืจ + ืงืจืžืœ ืžืœื•ื— + ืขื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื.
  • ื ื•ื˜ืœื” + ืžื•ืก ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืŸ + ืคืจืœื™ื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื + ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื”/ืงื™ื•ื•ื™.
  • ืงื™ื ื“ืจ ืžื•ืก + ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช + ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื—ืœื‘ + ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืจ.
  • ืžื™ื™ืคืœ + ืคืงืื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ืจื™ื + ื•ื ื™ืœ ืขื“ื™ืŸ + ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ 70%.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืชื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ (ืœืžืฉืœ ืขื ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ืœื” ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช), ืชื ื• ืœืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื-ืžืชืงืชืงื™ื ืื• ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžืจื™ืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ.

ื–ืžืŸ, ืขื•ื ื” ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข

  • ืงื™ืฅ: ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ืงืจืžื™ื ืงืœื™ื, ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงืคื“ ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื–ื’ืŸ/ืžืงืจืจ.
  • ื—ื•ืจืฃ: ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื, ื”ื’ืฉื” ื—ืžื™ืžื” ืžืชื ื•ืจ ืœึพ2โ€“3 ื“ืงื•ืช.
  • ืกืชื™ื•/ืื‘ื™ื‘: ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื“ื™ืŸ (ืœืžืฉืœ ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื ืืฉ).

ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืขื•ื’ืช ื•ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืœื’ื™ ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืœื›ื

ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฆื™ืจื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื: ืžื™ ื”ืงื”ืœ, ืžื” ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘, ื•ืœืื™ื–ื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืืชื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ืโ€”ื‘ื™ืก โ€œืขืžื•ืงโ€ ื•ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™, ืื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืจืขื ื ื” ื•ืงืœื”. ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืžืจืืฉ ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืžื’ื“ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืื•ืช/ืžืกืคืจ, ืื• ืžื’ืฉ ืžืขื•ืจื‘. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ืจื• ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืชื•ืกืคืช ืื—ืช ืฉโ€ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืขื™ืŸโ€. ืื ื™ืฉ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืื• ืชืžื•ื ื”โ€”ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื–ื”ื‘: ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืฉืคื” ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช.

ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ื, ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืื• ืžืฉืœื•ื—

  • ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžืจืืฉ: ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื”ื™ื•ืžืŸ ืžืชืžืœื ืžื”ืจ. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ืžืŸโ€”ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื›ืœืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื.
  • ืื™ืกื•ืฃ: ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืงืฆืจื™ื. ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืœืฉื˜ื— ืืช ืชื ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ.
  • ืžืฉืœื•ื—: ืœืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ืโ€”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื‘ื—ืจื• ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉืขืช ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”.
  • ืืชืจ/ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ: ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื• ืžืจืืฉ ืขื ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืชโ€”ื˜ืขืžื™ื, ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘, ื›ืžื•ืช ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื: ื”ืžืชื•ืง ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ

ื•ื•ืคืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืคืจื™ื›ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื” ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืจื’ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืฉืจโ€”ื”ืœื—ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืžื•ืœ ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ืขื’ื•ืœ ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ืื• ืชืžื•ื ืช ืกืœืคื™ ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืฉืžืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืžื–ืจืง ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืฆื•ื—ืง. ื›ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ืžืื–ื ื™ื ืžืจืงืžื™ื, ื•ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื•ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”โ€”ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” โ€œืžื•ืงืคื“ืช ืืš ื‘ื™ืชื™ืชโ€, โ€œืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ืืš ื ื’ื™ืฉื”โ€.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื ื•ื˜ืœื” ื•ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ, ื‘ืžื’ืฉ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืกื™ื, ื‘ืจืื•ื ื™ื– ื•ืขื•ื’ื™ื™ื” ืœืฆื“ ื•ื•ืคืœ ืคืจื™ืš, ืื• ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชโ€”ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื”ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข. ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื—ืจื• ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžื’ืข ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืื—ื“, ื•ืชื ื• ืœืœื‘ ื•ืœื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื”ื•ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืคื•ืช, ื›ื•ืก ืงืคื” ืจื™ื—ื ื™ืช, ื•ืคืจื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื ืžื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจโ€”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื›ื•ื—.