ื‘ืฆืง ืคืจื™ืš ืฉืงื“ื™ื,
ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”, ืกื™ืคืจื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื”
ื•ืกื™ืคืจื” ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“...

ื‘ืฆืง ืคืจื™ืš ืฉืงื“ื™ื, ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”, ืกื™ืคืจื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื•ืกื™ืคืจื” ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“...

ืขื•ื’ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ 40: ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืœื ืœืงื™ื ื•ื— ืžืจื’ืฉ, ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื•ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช

ืกื™ืžื ืชื ื‘ื™ื•ืžืŸ ืืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ืช ื”ึพ40 ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืงื™ื ื•ื— ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ โ€œื•ื•ืื•โ€ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข? ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืขื’ื•ืœื™ื: ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืคืจืžื™ื•ื, ื•ืจื’ืข ืคืจื™ืกื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื”ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื”, ื˜ืขื ื•ืฉืคืข ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืืžื” โ€“ ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื•ื’ื’ ื•ื—ื•ื’ื’ืช ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืจื’ืข ืžืชื•ืง ืขื ื—ื•ืชืžืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืงืœื™ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ื”ืœื•ืง ืฉืœื›ื, ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ: ืžื‘ืกื™ืก ื‘ืฆืง ืคืจื™ืš ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืขื ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”, ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืกื™ื ืžืคื•ื ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ื˜ืจื™ืงื•ืœื“ ืื• ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืŸึพืคื™ืกื˜ื•ืง, ื•ืขื“ ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื, ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’, ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืจืืžื‘ืœ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืคื™ ื’ื ืืฉ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื‘ืœื’ื™. ื”ื ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ, ืœืขืฆื‘ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืชื•ืง ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื™ืงืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.

ืœืžื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื•ื’ื” ืžืกืคืจื™ืช ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ืช ื”ึพ40?

ื”ืžืกืคืจ 40 ื˜ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”: ื’ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื“ืจืš ื•ื’ื ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืขืฉื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ. ืขื•ื’ื” ืžืกืคืจื™ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ, ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ โ€œืžืกืคืจโ€ ืฉืžืกืžืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื’ืžื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื โ€“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื’ื’/ืช, ืœืฆื‘ืขื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข, ืœืขื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื.

ื‘ื™ืก ืืกืชื˜ื™ ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ. ืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืชื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืžืฉื—ืง: ืกืคืจื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื”; ืื• ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืงื• ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ ืื—ื™ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืขื ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื. ื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” โ€œืขื•ื“ ืขื•ื’ื”โ€ ืืœื centerpiece ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง โ€œุจุฑุงืฉื”โ€ ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื• 40.

ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก: ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื™ื›ื•ืช, ืงืจื ืงื˜ื™ืคืชื™ ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื

ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืง ืคืจื™ืš ืฉืงื“ื™ื โ€“ ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ื—ืžื™ืžืชื™ ื•ืคืจื™ืš, ืฉืžืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื’ื™ื ืžืขืœื™ื• ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืกืคืจื™. ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืงืจืžื™ื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”: ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืงื˜ื™ืคืชื™ ื•ืžืื•ื–ืŸ, ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื’ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืจืขื ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ื•ืช.

ืžื›ืืŸ ื ืคืชื— ืขื•ืœื ืขืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช:

  • ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื”: ืชื•ืชื™ื, ืžื ื’ื•, ืงื™ื•ื•ื™, ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืŸ, ืืคืจืกืง, ืœื™ืฆโ€™ื™, ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื”, ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ื“ โ€“ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ืจื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžืจืื” ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ ื•ืงืœื™ืœ.
  • ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“: ื’ื ืืฉ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื‘ืœื’ื™ ืžื˜ืคื˜ืฃ, ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืงืจืžืœ, ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’, ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืงืจืื ืฅโ€™.
  • ืžื•ืกื™ื ืžืคื ืงื™ื: ื˜ืจื™ืงื•ืœื“ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช (ืžืจื™ืจ/ื—ืœื‘/ืœื‘ืŸ) ืขื ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ื™ื, ืื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืก ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืŸึพืคื™ืกื˜ื•ืง ืขื ื’ื ืืฉ ืœื‘ืŸ ืงืจืื ืฆโ€™ื™.
  • ืงืจื™ืกืคื™ ื•ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืจืงื: ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืจืืžื‘ืœ ืขื ืงืจืžืœ, ืคื•ืคืงื•ืจืŸ ืžืงื•ืจืžืœ, ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฆื‘ืข ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช (ืกื’ื•ืœ/ื•ืจื•ื“/ื›ืชื•ื/ืื“ื•ื).
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ื•ื’ื โ€“ ื‘ื—ืจื• โ€œื—ืฆื™ึพื—ืฆื™โ€: ืกืคืจื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืกืคืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืžืคื•ืฆืฆืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื. ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืžืจืฉื™ื ื•ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื.

ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ื’ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ 40 ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช?

ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืฉื™ืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™: ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ื’ื’/ืช, ื›ืžื” ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื, ื•ืžื”ื™ ืฉืคืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข. ืžืฉื, ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื˜ืขืžื™ื, ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื.

ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ื’ื’/ืช

  • ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืงื• ื˜ื‘ืขื™: ื‘ืกื™ืก ื‘ืฆืง ืคืจื™ืš ืฉืงื“ื™ื, ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื” ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” โ€“ ืชื•ืชื™ื, ืงื™ื•ื•ื™, ืžื ื’ื•, ืขื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื ื’ื™ืขืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช.
  • ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“: ื’ื ืืฉ ื‘ืœื’ื™ ืžื˜ืคื˜ืฃ, ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื, ืงืจืžืœ ื•ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืจืืžื‘ืœ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื’ื ืžื•ืก ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื—ืœื‘, ืžืจื™ืจ ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“.
  • ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ื•ืจื•ื“ื”/ืกื’ื•ืœื”: ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื” ืขื ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’, ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ื•ืจื•ื“ื™ื, ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื, ื•ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืชื•ืชื™ื.
  • ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื˜ืืฅโ€™ ื’ืจืืžื™: ืœื™ืฆโ€™ื™, ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื”, ืžื ื’ื• ื•ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื•ืง ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ึพืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื.
  • ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืŸึพื™ืจื•ืง: ืžื•ืก ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืกื˜ื•ืง ืขื ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืŸ, ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืงืจืื ืฆโ€™ื™ืช ื•ื’ื™ื‘ืกื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื“ื•ืช.
  • ื—ืฆื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช/ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“: ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื•ืจืกื˜ื™ืœื™ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื˜ืขืžื™ ืงื”ืœ ืฉื•ื ื™ื โ€“ ืกืคืจื” ืื—ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช ืขื ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื” ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ืช ืขืžื•ืกืช ืคื™ื ื•ืงื™ื.

ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืžื” ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ืช

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื•ืง ื˜ืจื•ืคื™? ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ืžื ื’ื•, ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”, ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื” ื•ืœื™ืฆโ€™ื™. ืžื•ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืจืื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™? ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžืจื™ืจ, ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ืคืœืื”. ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœ โ€“ ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืœื™ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื”ื™ื ื•ื–ืจื–ื™ืคื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“. ืื“ื•ืึพืชื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืจืคื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงึพื›ืชื•ื ืžืœืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื ื’ื•, ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืŸ ื•ืขื ื‘ื™ื.

ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขื ืฆื‘ืข ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืฆื‘ืข ืžืฉืœื™ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ. ืชืžื” ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช ื ืจืื™ืช ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื.

ืคืจื–ื ื˜ืฆื™ื”, ืคืจื™ืกื” ื•ืฆื™ืœื•ื

ืกืคืจื•ืช 4 ื•ึพ0 ื ืจืื•ืช ื ืคืœื ืขืœ ืžื’ืฉ ืžืœื‘ื ื™ ืื• ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงืฉื™ื—. ืžืจื•ื•ื— ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืคืจื™ืกื” ืงืœื” ื•ืœืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืืกืชื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืžืงืžื• ืืช ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื (ืžืงืจื•ืŸ/ืคื—ื–ื ื™ืช) ืœื ืœืื•ืจืš ืงื• ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ืืœื ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจ.

  • ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”, ืฉืœืคื• ืžื”ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ืœึพ10โ€“15 ื“ืงื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืงืจื ื™ื‘ืจื™ืง ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื.
  • ื—ื™ืชื•ืš: ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื ืช ืืจื•ื›ื”, ื•ืชื ื•ืขื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืคืจื™ืš.
  • ื”ื’ืฉื”: ื˜ืžืคโ€™ ื”ื’ืฉื” ืื™ื“ืืœื™ืช 8โ€“10ยฐC. ื‘ืงื™ืฅ, ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืจืจืช ืขื“ ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™.

ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื”ืžืขื•ืฆื‘?

ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื›ื•ืช, ืงืจืžื™ื•ืช, ืจืขื ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช.

ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื

  • ื‘ืฆืง ืคืจื™ืš ืฉืงื“ื™ื: ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื•ื”ืื”ื•ื‘. ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืืคื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื” ืžืขื ื’ืช.
  • ื‘ืจืื•ื ื™ื–: ืœื’ืจืกื” ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ืช ื“ื—ื•ืกื” ื•ืžืขืงืฆืฆืช โ€“ ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื โ€œื ืฉื™ื›ื”โ€ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ืช ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช.
  • ื‘ืฆืง ืงืงืื•: ื˜ืืฅโ€™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืขื ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ืชื•ืชื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“.

ืงืจืžื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกื™ื

  • ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”: ืงืœื™ืœ, ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืžืื•ื–ืŸ, ื•ืžื—ืžื™ื ืœืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“.
  • ื˜ืจื™ืงื•ืœื“: ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืก ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžืจื™ืจ/ื—ืœื‘/ืœื‘ืŸ, ืขื ื’ื ืืฉ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžื˜ืคื˜ืฃ ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ โ€“ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืœื›ืœ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ืกื˜.
  • ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืŸึพืคื™ืกื˜ื•ืง: ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื” ืขื ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืกื˜ื•ืง, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืขื ื’ื ืืฉ ืœื‘ืŸ ืงืจืื ืฆโ€™ื™ ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ โ€œืงืจืื ืฅโ€™โ€ ืžืคืชื™ืข.
  • ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื—ืœื‘ ืงืœืืกื™: ืžืจืงื ืจืš ืขื ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ื™ื.

ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืฆื‘ืข

  • ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื”: ืชื•ืช, ืงื™ื•ื•ื™, ืžื ื’ื•, ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืŸ, ืืคืจืกืง, ืขื ื‘ื™ื, ืœื™ืฆโ€™ื™, ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื”, ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”.
  • ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ื™ื: ื’ื ืืฉ ื‘ืœื’ื™ ืžื˜ืคื˜ืฃ, ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืงืจืื ืฅโ€™, ืคืจืœื™ื ื™ื.
  • ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’ ื•ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื: ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืฆื‘ืข ื•ืžืจืื” ืคื˜ื™ืกืจื™ ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
  • ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืจืืžื‘ืœ ื•ืงืจืžืœ: ื ืฉื ื•ืฉ ืคืจื™ืš ืขื ืœื™ื‘ืช ืงืจื, ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื™ืžื“ โ€œื‘ื™ืก ืงื™ื ื•ื—โ€ ืžืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื”.
  • ืคื•ืคืงื•ืจืŸ ืžืงื•ืจืžืœ: ืืœืžื ื˜ ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ ืฉืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช.
  • ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื: ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœึพืœื•ืง ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื”.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื›ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื โ€œื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ืโ€ (ื›ืžื• ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื), ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ืข. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืงื‘ืข ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืงืจื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื.

ื’ื“ืœื™ื, ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืฉื”: ื›ืžื” ืขื•ื’ื” ืฆืจื™ืš?

ืžืกืคืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ (4 ื•ึพ0) ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ื•ืžืชืื™ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื.

  • ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืกืคืจื” ื ืคื•ืฅ: ื›ึพ20โ€“25 ืก"ืž ืœืื•ืจืš.
  • ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืขื•ืžืก ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช.
  • ื›ืœืœ ืืฆื‘ืข: ื–ื•ื’ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื›ึพ20โ€“30 ืžื ื•ืช ื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.
  • ืื ื™ืฉ ืงื”ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ืžืขืœ 30โ€“35 ืื•ืจื—ื™ื), ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืขื•ื’ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืื• ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืงื•ื ื“ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืžื–ื ื•ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืขื ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื? ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื–ื•ื’ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ื•ืœื—ืœืง ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืช. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ โ€“ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื“ื’ื ืขืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืก ื ื•ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื ืชื— ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจื—.

ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘: ืžื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช?

ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื:

  • ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื.
  • ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜: ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื“, ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืจืืžื‘ืœ, ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืคื™ ื’ื ืืฉ โ€“ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื.
  • ืกื•ื’ ื”ืงืจื/ืžื•ืก: ื˜ืจื™ืงื•ืœื“, ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืŸึพืคื™ืกื˜ื•ืง ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื.
  • ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช: ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื•ื ื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœื•ืช.
  • ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื: ื”ืงื“ืฉื”, ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช.

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘:

  1. ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืžืจืืฉ ืขืœ ืงื• ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ (ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™/ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™/ื—ืฆื™ึพื—ืฆื™).
  2. ื‘ื—ืจื• ืคืจื™ื˜ ื“ื’ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืคื ืง (ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื), ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ื™ื.
  3. ื ืฆืœื• ืืช ืขื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช โ€“ ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ืคื” ื•ื’ื ืžืฉืชืœื.
  4. ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ โ€œืืงืกื˜ืจื”โ€ ืžื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื”, ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืข

ืขื•ื’ื” ืžืกืคืจื™ืช ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื ื”, ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื’ื™ืžื•ืจ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ โ€“ ืœืจื•ื‘ 2โ€“5 ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื™ืกืคื™ืงื•, ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืขืžื•ืกื•ืช ื›ื“ืื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

  • ืื—ืกื•ืŸ: ื‘ืžืงืจืจ ื‘ึพ4ยฐC. ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืงืจืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื.
  • ืฉื™ื ื•ืข: ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื” ืงืฉื™ื—ื”, ืžืฉื˜ื— ื™ืฉืจ, ืœื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื โ€“ ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžื•ื–ื’.
  • ื”ื’ืฉื”: ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื”ืžืงืจืจ 10โ€“15 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืกื” ืœืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ื”ืžืจืงื.
  • ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช: ืขื˜ืคื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืฉืžืจื• ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ืขื“ 48 ืฉืขื•ืช; ื‘ืกื™ืก ืคืจื™ืš ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœืœื—ื•ืช, ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ืกืžื•ืš ืœืื™ืจื•ืข.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื ืกื™ืขื” ืืจื•ื›ื”, ื‘ืงืฉื• ืงื™ื‘ื•ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืื• ืฉืงืœื• ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข.

ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช

  • ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ: ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ. ื•ื“ืื• ืžืจืืฉ ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื/ืžื•ืกื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืš, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื™ืฉ ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
  • ืœืœื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘: ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืงืจืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ื—ืœื‘, ืœืฆื“ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื.
  • ืืœืจื’ื ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื: ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืฉืงื“ื™ื (ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก) ื•ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื (ืœืžืฉืœ ืคื™ืกื˜ื•ืง). ื‘ืงืฉื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื•ืชื™ืื•ื ืžืจืืฉ.

ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืชืžื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœึพ40

  • โ€œืฉื—ื•ืจึพื–ื”ื‘โ€ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™: ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงืงืื•, ื’ื ืืฉ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžืจื™ืจ, ืขืœื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ืื›ื™ืœื™ื, ืžืขื˜ ืคืจื—ื™ื ื›ื”ื™ื.
  • โ€œืกื’ื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™โ€: ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืœื™ื, ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื”ื™ื (ืขื ื‘ื™ื/ืื•ื›ืžื ื™ื•ืช), ื•ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ.
  • โ€œื•ืจื•ื“ ืฉืžื—โ€: ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’ ื•ืจื•ื“ื•ืช, ื’ื™ื‘ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืชื•ืชื™ื, ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืŸ.
  • โ€œื˜ืจื•ืคื™ึพื—ื’ื™ื’ื™โ€: ืžื ื’ื•, ืœื™ืฆโ€™ื™, ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื”, ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”; ื ื’ื™ืขืช ืงื•ืงื•ืก ืงืœื•ื™ื”.
  • โ€œืฆื‘ืขื™ ื˜ื‘ืขโ€: ื™ืจื•ืงึพื›ืชื•ื ืขื ืžื ื’ื•, ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืŸ ื•ืขื ื‘ื™ื โ€“ ืœื•ืง ืจืขื ืŸ ื•ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™.
  • โ€œืื“ื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœื™โ€: ืชื•ืชื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื—ืœื‘, ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื.
  • โ€œืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ืกื˜โ€: ื˜ืจื™ืงื•ืœื“, ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืคื™ ื’ื ืืฉ ื‘ืœื’ื™, ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืจืืžื‘ืœ, ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืงืจืžืœ.
  • โ€œื—ืฆื™ึพื—ืฆื™โ€: ืกืคืจื” ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช ืงืœื™ืœื” + ืกืคืจื” ืžืคื•ืฆืฆืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื.

ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืงื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื ืฆื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”

ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืฉืจืื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื, ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช:

  • ืฉืชื™ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืง ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืคืจื™ืš ืขื ืงืจื ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”ึพื•ื ื™ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™, ืชื•ืชื™ื, ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื” ื•ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“.
  • ืกืคืจื” ืื—ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื•ืกืคืจื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืงื™ื โ€“ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื.
  • ื’ืจืกื” ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื—ืœื‘ ืขื ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืงืœื™ืœ ื•ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื ื” ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื.
  • ื˜ืจื™ืงื•ืœื“ ืขื ื’ื ืืฉ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžื˜ืคื˜ืฃ, ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื โ€“ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ ื•ืžื•ืฉื—ืช.
  • ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”ึพื•ื ื™ืœ ืขื ืฉืคืข ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืœื“ื’ื“ื•ื’ ืžืชื•ืง.
  • ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”ึพืชื•ืช ืขื ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’ ื•ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ โ€“ ื•ืจื“ืจื“ื”, ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžืฆื•ืœืžืช ื ื”ื“ืจ.
  • ืžื•ืก ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืŸึพืคื™ืกื˜ื•ืง ืขื ื’ื ืืฉ ืœื‘ืŸ ืงืจืื ืฆโ€™ื™, ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ื ื’ื™ืขืช ื•ืจื•ื“.
  • ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ึพืžื ื’ื•: ื’ื ืืฉ ื‘ืœื’ื™, ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืžื ื’ื• ื˜ืจื™ ื•ืžืชื•ืง โ€“ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.
  • ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื โ€œืžืคื•ืฆืฅ ืฆื‘ืขโ€: ืžื ื’ื•, ืงื™ื•ื•ื™, ืคื™ื˜ืื™ื” ื•ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื” ืขื“ื™ืŸ.
  • ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื‘ืงื• ืกื’ื•ืœ: ืงืจื ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”, ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ, ืคื™ื ื•ืงื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืกื’ื•ืœ ืขื ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื.
  • โ€œืœืื‘ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืชโ€: ืกืคืจื•ืช ืžืคื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื ื”, ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช.
  • ืงืจืื ืฅโ€™ ืงืจืžืœ: ื‘ืฆืง ืคืจื™ืš ืฉืงื“ื™ื, ืงืจื ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”, ืคื—ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืจืืžื‘ืœ, ืงืจืžืœ ื•ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“.
  • ื‘ืจืื•ื ื™ื– 40: ื‘ืกื™ืก ื‘ืจืื•ื ื™ื– ื“ื—ื•ืก ืขื ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืขื ื ื™ ืงืฆืคืช โ€“ ื‘ื™ืก ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจ.
ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื•ืช (ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”/ืคื˜ืœ) ืขื ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื—ืœื‘ ืžืื–ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืก โ€œืžืชื•ื—ื›ืโ€ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข

  • ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™: ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœืจื•ื‘. ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ืงื• ืฆื‘ืข ืื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืขื•ืžืก ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™.
  • ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืคืชืขื”: ื‘ื—ืจื• ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ โ€œื•ืื•โ€ ืขื ืืœืžื ื˜ ื“ื’ืœ (ืœืžืฉืœ ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืคื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืื• ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื). ืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื ืกื™ืขื” โ€“ ืืจื–ื• ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื” ืงืฉื™ื—ื”.
  • ืื™ืจื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”/ืฆื•ื•ืช: ืงื• ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™, ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื•ื ื›ืจื•ืžื˜ื™ (ืœื‘ืŸ/ื—ื•ื/ื–ื”ื‘).
  • ื‘ืจ/ื—ื•ืฅ: ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืขื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื”ื’ืฉื”. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืคื—ื•ืช ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื•ื.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ?

ืจืฆื•ื™ 2โ€“5 ื™ืžื™ื ืžืจืืฉ. ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืกื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช (ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืฆื‘ืข, ืืœืจื’ื ื™ื ืื• ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื“ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื) โ€“ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื›ืžื” ืžื ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืชื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™?

ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื 20โ€“30 ืžื ื•ืช, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืขื•ืžืก ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืš. ืื ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื โ€“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ื’ื ืงื”ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืื™ืš ืœืฉื ืข ื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘?

ื‘ืืจื™ื–ื” ืงืฉื™ื—ื”, ืžืฉื˜ื— ื™ืฉืจ, ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžื•ื–ื’. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื โ€“ ื”ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช. ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืข ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข.

ืื™ืœื• ื˜ืขืžื™ื โ€œืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœืโ€?

ืงื• ื—ืฆื™ึพื—ืฆื™ (ืคื™ืจื•ืช + ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“) ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™. ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ื‘ืกื™ืก ื‘ืฆืง ืคืจื™ืš ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืขื ืงืจื ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื”ึพื•ื ื™ืœ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื•ืชื•ืกืคืช ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช.

ื”ืื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ?

ื™ืฉ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื/ืงืจืžื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืจื’ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช.

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘?

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื ืงืจืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ื—ืœื‘, ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืงื• ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืงืœื™ืœ. ื•ื“ืื• ืžืจืืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ื”ืชืืžื•ืช.

ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช?

ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ืจ 4ยฐC ื•ื‘ืืจื™ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” โ€“ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืกื™ืก ืคืจื™ืš ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœืœื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืื• ืœืžื—ืจืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืข?

ื‘ื—ืจื• ืฆื‘ืข ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ (ืœืžืฉืœ ืกื’ื•ืœ/ื•ืจื•ื“/ื–ื”ื‘/ืื“ื•ื) ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฆื‘ืข ืžืฉืœื™ื ืขื“ื™ืŸ. ืชื ื• ืœืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืœื˜ื”, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืคื™ื/ืคืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื.

ืžืกืจ ืจื’ืฉื™: ืœืžื” ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ืžืจื’ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš?

ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื• ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ืช ืฉืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื• ื”ืคืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื•ื”ืงืจืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื˜ืขืžื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื• ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ โ€œืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ึพ40โ€ ื™ื—ื“. ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื•ืงืคื“ ืœื˜ืขื ื ื“ื™ื‘ ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื: ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•, ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžื›ืืŸ.

ื”ื‘ื™ืก ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืžืจื’ืฉ ืžืžื™ืœื ืœืจื’ืข ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—. ื›ืฉืืชื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ืช, ืืชื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื™ืคื”, ืืœื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืžืชื›ืชื‘ืช ืขื ืžื™ ืฉืืชื โ€“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžื˜ืคื˜ืฃ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ื‘, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื, ืื• ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื ืงื™ื™ื” ืขื ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื: ื›ืš ืชืชื›ื ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืชื•ืง ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ืช ื”ึพ40

  • ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ืื•ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ื’ื’/ืช: ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™, ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ืกื˜ื™, ืื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘.
  • ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืขืœ ืชืžื” ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช: ืกื’ื•ืœ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™, ื•ืจื•ื“ ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™, ืฉื—ื•ืจึพื–ื”ื‘ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™.
  • ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืงืจื: ื‘ืฆืง ืคืจื™ืš ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืขื ืงืจื ื•ื ื™ืœ ืžืกืงืจืคื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ืžื ืฆื—ืช; ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืขืฉื™ืจ โ€“ ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ืงื•ืœื“ ืื• ืœื‘ืŸึพืคื™ืกื˜ื•ืง.
  • ืื™ื–ื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจืื” ืœื˜ืขื: ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื ื” ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื’ื ืืฉ ื‘ืœื’ื™ ืžื˜ืคื˜ืฃ, ืžืงืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื ื’ โ€“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
  • ืชื›ื ื ื• ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”: ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžืจืืฉ, ืงื™ืจื•ืจ, ืฉื™ื ื•ืข ื•ื”ื’ืฉื” ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื”.
  • ื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื: ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช (ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ/ืœืœื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘), ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช.

ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื”ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืขื•ื’ื” โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืจื’ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืš. ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื•ืชื•ืคืชืขื• ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืคืงื˜ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ืชื›ื ืกื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ โ€œืžื–ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘!โ€.